Al-Haytham (Alhazen)
ابْن الهَيْثَم
The father of modern optics and the scientific method
Ibn al-Haytham was an 11th-century Arab physicist, mathematician and astronomer. His Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manazir) revolutionised the understanding of vision and light, and established the scientific method 600 years before Francis Bacon.